Understanding Land Title Documentation in Lagos — A Complete Guide

What is Land Title Documentation?

Land title documentation refers to the legal papers that prove your ownership of a piece of land or property in Nigeria. Without valid title documents, your claim to any property can be challenged in court — regardless of how much you paid for it.

Types of Land Title Documents in Nigeria:

1. Certificate of Occupancy (C of O)
The Certificate of Occupancy is the most recognised and powerful land title document in Nigeria. It is issued by the State Government and grants the holder the right to occupy and use the land for a period of 99 years. A C of O is the gold standard of land ownership in Lagos State.

2. Deed of Assignment
A Deed of Assignment is a legal document that transfers ownership of land from one party to another. It must be signed by both parties, witnessed and registered at the Lagos Land Registry to be legally valid.

3. Governor’s Consent
Under the Land Use Act of 1978, any transfer of land in Nigeria requires the consent of the State Governor. Without Governor’s Consent, a property transaction is not legally complete — even if a Deed of Assignment has been signed.

4. Survey Plan
A Survey Plan is a technical document prepared by a licensed surveyor that shows the exact
dimensions, boundaries and location of a piece of land. It is an essential document in any property transaction.

5. Deed of Conveyance
A Deed of Conveyance is an older form of title document used before the Land Use Act of 1978. While still legally valid, properties with only a Deed of Conveyance should be converted to a Certificate of Occupancy.

How to Verify Land Title Before Buying:

Step 1: Conduct a search at the Lagos Land Registry to confirm the authenticity of the title document.

Step 2: Verify the survey plan with the Office of the Surveyor General of Lagos State.

Step 3: Confirm that the seller is the legitimate owner of the property and has the legal right to sell.

Step 4: Engage a qualified property lawyer to review all documents before signing anything or
making any payment.

Step 5: Ensure Governor’s Consent is obtained after the transaction to complete the legal transfer of ownership.

Conclusion:
Buying land in Lagos without proper title documentation is one of the biggest financial mistakes you can make. Always engage a qualified property lawyer before any transaction.
At Lawal Chambers, our property law team is available to conduct title searches, review documents and guide you through every step of your property transaction.